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Get Ubuntu

Get the Ubuntu ISO image from ubuntu.com. The recommended version is 16.04.3 LTS (Long Term Support).  You can use the server or desktop edition.  I used the server , desktop edition.

Get VirtualBox and VirtualBox Guest Additions

Make sure you have the VirtualBox Guest Additions ISO for your version of VirtualBox.  I'm using VirtualBox 5.01.1628.  Save the Guest Additions ISO on your host computer along with the Ubuntu ISO.  Get the Guest Additions ISO from here:

http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox

NOTE: Guest Additions versions prior to 5.1 will not work with Ubuntu 16.04.3.  If you have an earlier version of VirtualBox, you should upgrade to the latest 5.1 version.

Create a new VM in VirtualBox for Ubuntu

Type: Linux

Version: Ubuntu (64-bit)

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Network: Attached to: NAT

Create a port-forwarding rule for SSH

Create a port-forwarding rule so that you can use PuTTY (or other SSH client) to connect to the VM.

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Host Port: 1022

Guest IP: <leave blank>

Guest Port: 22

Create Shared Folder

This is for oriented to Windows users.  If you're using a MAC or a Linux host computer, things the details may be quite different.  The shared folder allows you to easily transfer files between the guest VM and the host computerYou can share any folder on the host computer with the Ubuntu VM.  On Windows, a practical choice is to share the C:\Users folder, so that your Windows home directory will be accessible from the Ubuntu VM.

Go to "Shared Folders" settings in VirtualBox, add a share:

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Auto-mount: <checked>

Read-only: <unchecked>

Install Ubuntu in the VM

On the "Storage" panel in VirtualBox, click on "[ optical drive ]" and then "Choose Disk Image".  Select your Ubuntu ISO image.

After selecting the ISO image, start the VM.

Follow the prompts to install Ubuntu.

Proxy Configuration (optional)

If you're behind a corporate firewall, configure some proxy settings.  The examples here show a username and password in the proxy URL.  You can omit them if your proxy server doesn't require themNOTE: your proxy configuration may require username and password credentials, not shown here.

Ubuntu system proxy setting:

System Settings → Network → Network proxy

(Replace "proxyhost" and port with your actual proxy information)

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apt proxy setting:

Edit /etc/apt/apt.conf and add one line at the top (replace "proxyhost:port" with your actual proxy information):

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://username:password@proxyhostproxyhost:port";

Reboot the VM.

Install SSH Server

sudo apt update

sudo apt install openssh-server

Connect to the VM from your host computer

The PuTTY SSH client is popular.  A connection to localhost:1022 (or whatever port you have forwarded) will go to the VM.

Install VirtualBox Guest Additions

On the "Storage" panel in VirtualBox, click on "[ optical drive ]" and then "Choose Disk Image".  Select your VirtualBox Guest Additions ISO image.

In a VM terminal window on , mount the VMcdrom:

Get a root shell:

sudo

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Mount the cdrom:

mkdir -p /media/cdrom

sudo mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom

Install necessary dependencies:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install gcc g++ dkms

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Install the guest additions.  NOTE: look for errors in the command output!  If you see an error that says you are missing kernel headers, the most likely cause is that you are using a VirtualBox version that is too old.  The error message is misleading.

cd /media/cdrom

sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

Create Shared Folder

This is for Windows users.  If you're using a MAC or a Linux host, things may be quite different.  The shared folder allows you to easily transfer files between the guest VM and the host computer.

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Related articles

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Add yourself to the vboxsf user group (replace "userid" with your user ID):

sudo usermod -a -G vboxsf userid


Reboot the VM.

In a VM terminal window, verify that you can access your home directory on the host computer, which should be mounted under here:

/media/sf_Users