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Table of Contents
This is a draft proposal for RESTful API Design Specification within ONAP. This draft has not be approved by TSC yet.
Versioning
API is a public contract between a Server and a Consumer, so it's crucial to make sure the changes are backwards compatible. We need to introduce new versions of the API while still allowing old versions to be accessible when it's necessary. So a versioning mechanism should be considered.
- Semantic Versioning http://semver.org/
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URI
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For example, if the version of a RESTful API of an ONAP component is 1.3.2, the Info Object of swagger file should look like
| Code Block |
|---|
title: Swagger Sample App
description: This is a sample server Petstore server.
termsOfService: http://swagger.io/terms/
contact:
name: API Support
url: http://www.swagger.io/support
email: support@swagger.io
license:
name: Apache 2.0
url: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
version: 1.3.2 |
The URI should look like: http://{host}/api/v1/pets
- Version discovery
Need to be discussed: Should ONAP adopt a version discovery mechanism like OpenStack? :https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/VersionDiscovery
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Construction
RESTful APIs use Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) to address resources, ONAP projects should comply with a unified URI standard to implement the microservices.
- URI structure (Mandatory)
URI structure http://[host]:[port]/api/{service name}]/v{version number}/{resource}
The URI is comprised of a fixed base uri /api/{service name}]/v{version number} and the resource path. Only major version number is used in the URI. An example: http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/petstore/v1/pets/dogs CRUD function names should not be used in URIs. Instead, CRUD actions should be represented by HTTP methods. Below is the proposed methodology to implement CRUD operations in a RESTful API. (Recommended)
Resource POST GET PUT DELETE /api/petstore/v1/pets/dogs Create a new dog List dogs Replace dogs with new dogs(Bulk update) Delete all dogs /api/petstore/v1/pets/dogs/bailey Error Show dog If exist update dog else ERROR Delete dog Do not use:
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- A trailing forward slash (/) should not be included in URIsURIs (Mandatory)
A forward slash (/) adds no semantic value and may cause confusion. RESTful API’s should not expect a trailing slash and should not include them in the links that they provide to clients.
- Forward slash separator (/) must be used to indicate a hierarchical relationshiprelationship (Mandatory)
- Use Hyphens (-) instead of Underscores (_) if separation of words is needed in the URIURI (May have conflict with SOL, TBD)
Underscores (_) can be hidden by the underline of URIs in browsers.
- Lowercase letters should be preferred in URI pathspaths (Recommended)
When convenient, lowercase letters are preferred in URI paths since capital letters can sometimes cause problems. RFC 3986 defines URIs as case-sensitive except for the scheme and host components.
- File extensions should not be included in URIsURIs (Recommended)
A REST API should not include artificial file extensions in URIs to indicate the format of a message’s entity body. Instead, they should rely on the media type, as communicated through the Content-Type header, to determine how to process the body’s content.
- A plural noun should be used for collection names (Mandatory)
For example, the URI for a collection of dog documents uses the plural noun form of its contained resources: /api/petstore/v1/pets/dogs - A singular noun should be used for document namesnames (Mandatory)
For example, the URI for a single dog document would have the singular form: /api/petstore/v1/pets/dogs/bailey
Versioning
API is a public contract between a Server and a Consumer, so it's crucial to make sure the changes are backwards compatible. We need to introduce new versions of the API while still allowing old versions to be accessible when it's necessary. So a versioning mechanism should be considered.
- Semantic Versioning http://semver.org/ (Mandatory)
- The version in the swagger file and URI (Mandatory)
The main idea is that there are two kinds of versions:- Major version: The version used in the URI and denotes breaking changes to the API. Internally, a new major version implies creating a new API and the version number is used to route to the correct implementation.
- Minor and Patch versions: These are transparent to the client and used internally for backward-compatible updates. They should be reflected in the swagger files to inform clients about a new functionality or a bug fix.
For example, if the version of a RESTful API of an ONAP component is 1.3.2, the Info Object of swagger file should look like
| Code Block |
|---|
title: Swagger Sample App
description: This is a sample server Petstore server.
termsOfService: http://swagger.io/terms/
contact:
name: API Support
url: http://www.swagger.io/support
email: support@swagger.io
license:
name: Apache 2.0
url: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
version: 1.3.2 |
The URI should look like: http://{host}/api/v1/pets
- Version discovery (Optional)
Need to be discussed: Should ONAP adopt a version discovery mechanism like OpenStack? :https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/VersionDiscovery
HTTP response status codes
The server should always return the right HTTP status code to the client. (Recommended)
- Standard HTTP status codes
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Need to be discussed: Should ONAP define a unified error response format across projects?
Security
- Token Based AuthenticationAuthentication (Recommended)
Ideally, microservices should be stateless so the service instances can be scaled out easily and the client requests can be routed to multiple independent service providers. A token based authentication mechanism should be used instead of session based authentication - API-Token AuthenticationAuthentication (Recommended)
ONAP is supposed to be accessed by third-party apps such as OSS/BSS, in the authentication process a user is not involved. API-Token can be used in such cases. - Centralized Authentication/AuthorizationAuthorization (Recommended)
The MSB API Gateway can serve as the entry point to authenticate client requests and forwards them to the backend services, which might in turn invoke other services.
MSB doesn't do the authentication itself, instead, MSB can work with a security provider to provide centralized Authentication or ONAP with its pluggable architecture. - Use https for external communication for security reason
The MSB External API Gateway can translate the https request from the external systems to light weight http communication inside ONAP system. The individual projects don't have to handle the trivial details such as certification configuration and avoid the overhead of https inside ONAP system.
Multiple tenants support
TBD
API Documentation(Swagger)
- All the RESTful API must follow Swagger Specification for API documentation: http://swagger.io/specification (Recommended)
The ONAP-Components must provide swagger files for its RESTful API definitions, there are two possible approaches.- The developers write the Swagger file, then use CI system to generate the stub codes for implementation.
- The developers write the Swagger annotation in the source codeI, then use CI system to generate the Swagger file.
- The Swagger file should be placed under the base url of the service so the API definition could be discovered by clients or management tools at runtime. (Recommended)
For example, if the base url of peststore service is /api/petstore/v1/, the URL of swagger file should be /api/petstore/v1/Swagger.json
Appendix
Swagger Specification http://swagger.io/specification
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Swagger code generator https://swagger.io/swagger-codegen/
Maven plugin to generate Swagger documents https://github.com/WASdev/tool.swagger.docgen
MSB Centralized Authentication & Authorization solution https://wikilf-onap.onapatlassian.orgnet/wiki/download/attachments/324698216223779/Capture7.PNG?version=1&modificationDate=1495079131000&api=v2
Swagger SDK https://wiki.open-o.org/display/CLIEN/Swagger+SDK+for+Open-O