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Motivaton
Based on discussion between ONAP and O-RAN-SC there is a need to provide a common model to µServices with respect to (network) topologies.
In previous proof-of concept and demonstrations several different topologies of different types were presented. Such use-case driven topologies have several "things" in common. For multi topology networks based on virtual and physical network functions a view across technologies is required to optimize the network in terms of utilization and/or latency and other criteria's.
Use case driven topology representations
Geographical Topology
Physical Topology
Ethernet Topology
PTP-Topology
Idea
The idea could be to define an ONAP topology model across all ONAP components and technologies and describe a kind of mapping to technology and/or use case specific topology models, such as:
- PCEP
- LLDP
- IEEE 802.3
- TAPI
- OpenROADM
- 3GPP-EP
- IETF-Interfaces
- ONF:LogicalTerminationPoints
- OpenConfig
- kubernetes (O-RAN O2?)
- Cluster?
- ...
Initial draft proposal
Principals and Terminology
Principals
Topology (both concept and service) is not:
- The summation of all network configuration
- A collection of inventory assets
- Directly responsible for the provisioning/execution of changes in the network (It is not the part of the system that orders changes in the network)
Topology (both concept and service) is:
- a representation of the arrangements (relationships, associations, etc.) among important entities
- provides information that is shared in the context of an ONAP system by multiple to multiple applications, components, services
- multi-domain: e.g.: technology and telecom domains (Optical, wireless;); management; organizational – a logical partitioning of important entities
- multi-layer: Services (potentially recursive) using telecom resources using infrastructure resources – expressing client-server relationships
- multi-vendor: Important entities may be provided by different vendors, the topology is agnostic to the vendor
- multi-operator: Special case of multi-domain, brought out to cover shared telecom networks
- dynamically extensible (@runtime) w.r.t views, topology entities and their relationships
Abstract properties (concepts):
- Connectivity: to represent the arrangements among endpoint of important entities (networking objects) across a topological domain e.g. to allow traffic flow for control and data / user plane
- Containment/Composition: to represent the way networking resources (physical, virtual, logical) are instantiated, deployed and organized/structured in the network TODO example
- Topology Types: E.g.: (Services, Resources, Network (E.g.: Transport; RAN; Packet core; NFV Topology; ...); ...)
- Grouping: E.g: Geographical area; vendor; ORD;
Abstract needs (how does the ATM cater for...):
- Responsible manager/software service/Ownership: to represent the relationship with the software owners of a particular network asset (physical or virtual) for a given perspective
- Topology variations/Types: Must enable the development of these variations. E.g.: Services, Resources, Network (E.g.: Transport; RAN; Packet core; NFV Topology; ...); ...
- Grouping: to represent the way topology elements can be grouped in a topology E.g: Geographical area; vendor; ORD;
- State: topology entity states and their transitions. E.g. LCM (Feasible; Designed; provisioned)
- Labels: Any meta-data or information that a client may wish to associate with a topology entity
- Identity: Every important entity must be uniquely identifiable, and may have multiple identities.
Configuration <==> Topology (!GraphGraph) <==> Inventory
- Topology is derived from inventory (subset of equipment and assets) and configuration (subset of network configuration)
- Some limited replication of data as needed to provide value – This is needed to simply construct and maintain the topologies for the abstract needs above
- Inventory (A&AI) and configuration (CPS) are data sources. Topology normally derived/updated based on source state. (Normally does not consider planning/intent)
We should not re-invent the wheel! Beg, borrow, reuse, apply and extend where necessary.
Visualization
It is assumed that every topology model could be visualized. The visualization is basically a case-by-case mapping of topology-nodes and topology-edges and their properties to shapes, lines, sizes, widths and colors. Therefore the topology model itself must not take the requirements for visualization into account. In some cases a kind of profile of stylesheet could describe such mapping, but it would be outside of the topology itself.
Terms and Definitions
This chapter specifies the terms used for an abstract topology model.
wikipedia:
"In mathematics, topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling and bending."
ietf:
/sko/ could not fine a definition but the network-topology data-model description of RFC8345
3GPP:
/sko/ 23.726 talks about local topologies and network topology - but could net find a definition yet.
" This release supports technology-agnostic interfaces to the following functional modules:
- Topology Service
- Connectivity Service"
later
description of grouping topology:
"The ForwardingDomain (FD) object class models the ForwardingDomain topological component which is used to effect forwarding of transport characteristic information and offers the potential to enable forwarding."
ONF CoreModel 1.4 TR-512.4 (== ITU-T ???)
/sko/detailed information model
ONAP ???? - to be discussed 
:
In telecommunications, topology is the short form of "network topology" and is concerned with the properties of an object class describing the associations of important telecommunication network entities.
Motivation
Based on discussion between ONAP and O-RAN-SC there is a need to provide a common model to µServices with respect to (network) topologies.
In previous proof-of concept and demonstrations several different topologies of different types were presented. Such use-case driven topologies have several "things" in common. For multi topology networks based on virtual and physical network functions a view across technologies is required to optimize the network in terms of utilization and/or latency and other criteria's.
Use case driven topology representations
Geographical Topology
Physical Topology
Ethernet Topology
PTP-Topology
Principals and Terminology
Principals
Topology (both concept and service) is not:
- The summation of all network configuration
- A collection of inventory assets
- Directly responsible for the provisioning/execution of changes in the network (It is not the part of the system that orders changes in the network)
Topology (both concept and service) is:
- a representation of the arrangements (relationships, associations, etc.) among important entities
- provides information that is shared in the context of an ONAP system by multiple to multiple applications, components, services
- multi-domain: e.g.: technology and telecom domains (Optical, wireless;); management; organizational – a logical partitioning of important entities
- multi-layer: Services (potentially recursive) using telecom resources using infrastructure resources – expressing client-server relationships
- multi-vendor: Important entities may be provided by different vendors, the topology is agnostic to the vendor
- multi-operator: Special case of multi-domain, brought out to cover shared telecom networks
- dynamically extensible (@runtime) w.r.t views, topology entities and their relationships
Abstract properties (concepts):
- Connectivity: to represent the arrangements among endpoint of important entities (networking objects) across a topological domain e.g. to allow traffic flow for control and data / user plane
- Containment/Composition: to represent the way networking resources (physical, virtual, logical) are instantiated, deployed and organized/structured in the network TODO example
- Topology Types: E.g.: (Services, Resources, Network (E.g.: Transport; RAN; Packet core; NFV Topology; ...); ...)
- Grouping: E.g: Geographical area; vendor; ORD;
Abstract needs (how does the ATM cater for...):
- Responsible manager/software service/Ownership: to represent the relationship with the software owners of a particular network asset (physical or virtual) for a given perspective
- Topology variations/Types: Must enable the development of these variations. E.g.: Services, Resources, Network (E.g.: Transport; RAN; Packet core; NFV Topology; ...); ...
- Grouping: to represent the way topology elements can be grouped in a topology E.g: Geographical area; vendor; ORD;
- State: topology entity states and their transitions. E.g. LCM (Feasible; Designed; provisioned)
- Labels: Any meta-data or information that a client may wish to associate with a topology entity
- Identity: Every important entity must be uniquely identifiable, and may have multiple identities.
Configuration <==> Topology (!GraphGraph) <==> Inventory
- Topology is derived from inventory (subset of equipment and assets) and configuration (subset of network configuration)
- Some limited replication of data as needed to provide value – This is needed to simply construct and maintain the topologies for the abstract needs above
- Inventory (A&AI) and configuration (CPS) are data sources. Topology normally derived/updated based on source state. (Normally does not consider planning/intent)
We should not re-invent the wheel! Beg, borrow, reuse, apply and extend where necessary.
Visualization
It is assumed that every topology model could be visualized. The visualization is basically a case-by-case mapping of topology-nodes and topology-edges and their properties to shapes, lines, sizes, widths and colors. Therefore the topology model itself must not take the requirements for visualization into account. In some cases a kind of profile of stylesheet could describe such mapping, but it would be outside of the topology itself.
Terms and Definitions
This chapter specifies the terms used for an abstract topology model.
| Term | |
|---|---|
| Topology | ONAP ???? - to be discussed In telecommunications, topology is the short form of "network topology" and is concerned with the properties of an object class describing the associations of important telecommunication network entities ("nodes"). Other potential definitions to consider: wikipedia: ietf: /sko/ could not fine a definition but the network-topology data-model description of RFC8345 Network object contains topologies that point outward from that object. IETF Traffic Engineering topology? ex. geo info can be an augmentation of the topology model 3GPP: /sko/ 23.726 talks about local topologies and network topology - but could not find a definition yet. Endpoints between local and remote systems using DN addressing. " This release supports technology-agnostic interfaces to the following functional modules:
later description of grouping topology: "The ForwardingDomain (FD) object class models the ForwardingDomain topological component which is used to effect forwarding of transport characteristic information and offers the potential to enable forwarding." Each topology is contained in a context. The context is a "black box", and can be contained recursively. ONF CoreModel 1.4 TR-512.4 (== ITU-T ???) /sko/detailed information model SDN controller & SDN domains Other things to consider:
|
| Network | Assumed to mean "telecommunications network" in this context |
| Node | Network entity in a topology |
| Termination point | "The anchor point contained in a node that one or more links connect to" – IETF In the context of a data tree, a point could be called a leaf (YANG), i.e. a data node that has no children |
| (End-point) | Equivalent to termination point |
| Association | In the context of network topology, this is a broader concept than a P2P link. An association could contain several aggregated / multi-point links. The association represents the logical connection. In the context of a network topology model expressed in UML, this can be a UML association between classes/types of network entities. However not all UML associations in the model are necessarily modelling links or associations in the network topology sense. ("Link" could also be a class in a UML model for topology.) Associations in UML can have different types and properties. Graphs? |
| Link | Relationship between two neighboring termination points on the same level. Could be uni- or bi-directional, but always P2P. (IETF) Link aggregation / multi-homing is represented using multiple P2P links. |
| (Edge) | Equivalent to link. |
| Group | |
| Domain | |
| Inventory | What is the boundary / relation between network topology and inventory? |
| Physical | |
| Virtual | |
| more.... |